Diabetes in children, particularly type 1 and type 2 diabetes, is a serious condition that affects how the body processes blood sugar (glucose). Type 1 diabetes occurs when the body’s immune system attacks the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin, while type 2 diabetes typically involves insulin resistance.
Common signs of diabetes in children include excessive thirst, frequent urination, extreme hunger, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, irritability and blurred vision. If left untreated, high blood sugar can lead to more severe complications, such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which is a medical emergency. Type 1 diabetes typically develops more rapidly, whereas type 2 diabetes often develops over time, particularly in children with a family history of the condition, obesity or a sedentary lifestyle.
Treatment for diabetes in children focuses on managing blood sugar levels through a combination of insulin therapy, diet, exercise and monitoring. For children with type 1 diabetes, while there is no cure, it can be managed by insulin being administered regularly, either through injections or an insulin pump, to regulate blood sugar. Children with type 2 diabetes may manage the condition with lifestyle changes, such as a healthier diet, increased physical activity, and, in some cases, medications to help the body use insulin more effectively or insulin treatment itself. In both cases, regular blood glucose monitoring is essential to ensure that blood sugar levels remain within a safe range. Pediatricians work closely with families to create a personalized treatment plan, including education about managing the condition and recognizing symptoms of high or low blood sugar.
Early diagnosis and consistent management can help children with diabetes lead healthy, active lives while minimizing the risk of long-term complications. Encourage your child to eat healthy foods, get plenty of physical activity and maintain a healthy weight to prevent developing type 2 diabetes. Our pediatricians are available to discuss prevention, treatment and management of diabetes at an appointment.